Which process description gathering technique carries the risk of performers acting according to what they believe is expected?

The technique that carries the risk of performers acting according to what they believe is expected is the method of using structured workshops. In such workshops, participants might feel pressure to conform to the group's expectations or the facilitators' perceived goals. This could lead them to describe processes in a way that aligns more with what they think should be happening rather than what actually takes place.

This behavior, often termed as "social desirability bias," can result in a skewed understanding of the actual processes, as individuals modify their responses to align with perceived expectations rather than provide honest feedback about their real experiences and actions. It is crucial to recognize this limitation when gathering process descriptions through workshops, as it can significantly influence the accuracy of the resulting documentation.

In contrast, direct observation involves watching individuals perform tasks in real time, allowing for a more accurate portrayal of actual processes without the influence of perception or expectation. Surveys and questionnaires may yield biased responses for similar reasons, but the direct nature of structured workshops particularly heightens the risk of social pressure affecting responses. Interviews, while potentially subjective, can also mitigate expectations through one-on-one conversations.